Back then, diseases were supposed to be the gods’ way of punishing humans and all possible remedies were surrounded by superstition.
The ancient world did not fare too well when it came to the curing of disease. There were many more Greek mathematicians and geometers who contributed to the history of geometry, but these names are the true giants, the ones who developed geometry as we know it today. Then came the likes of Pythagoras, Euclid, and Archimedes whose geometrical axioms and rules are still taught in schools today. Thales of Miletus, regarded as the father of geometry, proposed a number of axioms and rules that were truly based on reasoning (called mathematical truths) in the sixth century BC. The Greeks insisted that geometric facts must be established by deductive reasoning, much as it is done today.
Then came the age of Greek geometry and everything changed. The Babylonians assumed value of Pi to be 3 and never challenged its accuracy. The Egyptians, Babylonians, and the Indus were among the first to incorporate and use many such techniques but they never worked out the rules and axioms governing geometry. And its practical necessity demanded the use of various geometric techniques way before any of these were recorded in history. Geometry is doubtless one of the oldest branches of mathematics, possibly older than arithmetic itself. Middle Europe borders the map in the north while Ethiopia and the Nile feature at the southern end.Īnaximander made immense contributions in the fields of cartography and geography and his map of the world was indeed a marvelous achievement of that time. It was bounded on the east by the Caspian Sea and stretched to the Pillars of Hercules in the west. The map appeared in tablet form and featured Ionia in the center. Anaximander included all inhabited areas of the world in his map. Born between 611 and 610 BC, he made important contributions to the science of astronomy and geography.Īnaximander is mentioned in Aristotle’s work, who categorized him as a pupil of the physical school of thought, propounded by Thales. Even though the earliest known evidence of cartography points towards ancient Babylon as early as the ninth century BC, the Greeks took what they had at their disposal and brought cartography into a new light.Īnaximander was one of the first pioneer cartographers to create a map of the world. It has played an important role in travel and navigation since ancient times.
The OdometerĬartography is the study and practice of making maps. Lewis has proved that the water mill was an ancient Greek invention. However, recent research by British historian M.J.T. Earlier, the portions of the mechanical treatise on this particular water mill written by Philo himself were regarded to have Arab origination. This useful invention takes its origins from the earliest known Perachora wheel, created way back in the third century BC in Greece, most likely invented by the contemporary Greek engineer Philo of Byzantium. These mills are still used in many parts of the world and serve a similar function. This in turn led to the production of edible food staples like rice, cereals, pulses, flour, and so on.Įver since its invention, the water mill has seen a number of adaptations, which have enabled people to use it to mill different raw materials. To mill means to grind, and that invariably means to grind grain. Water mills were a revolutionary invention and have been used all over the world for the purpose of metal shaping, agriculture and, most importantly, milling.
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